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 <\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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<\/h4>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/h5>\n
1\u00a0<\/sup>United Nations Environment Program, \u201cIraq launches National Adaptation Plan process for climate change resilience,\u201d September 21, 2020, https:\/\/www.unep.org\/news-and-stories\/press-release\/iraq-launches-national-adaptation-plan-process-climate-change<\/a><\/h6>\n
2\u00a0<\/sup>United Nations, \u201cClimate Change Exacerbates Existing Conflict Risks, Likely to Create New Ones,\u00a0Assistant Secretary-General Warns Security Council,\u201d July 24, 2020, https:\/\/www.un.org\/press\/en\/2020\/sc14260.doc.htm<\/a><\/h6>\n
3\u00a0<\/sup>Saleem A. Salman, Shamsuddin Shahid, Tarmizi Ismail, Eun-Sung Chung, and Alaa Al-Abadi, \u201cLong-term Trends\u00a0in Daily Temperature Extremes in Iraq,\u201d Atmospheric Research 198, (August 2017), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosres.2017.08.011<\/a><\/h6>\n
4\u00a0<\/sup>Rana Alfardan, Iraq\u2019s Growing Desertification Problem, PSI News, (The Hague, Netherlands: Planetary Security Initiative, 2021), https:\/\/www.planetarysecurityinitiative.org\/news\/iraqs-growing-desertification-problem<\/a><\/h6>\n
5\u00a0<\/sup>Arwa Ibrahim, \u201cDeclining Levels in Iraq\u2019s Tigris Raise Fear of Water Crisis,\u201d Aljazeera English, June 9, 2018, https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/6\/9\/declining-levels-in-iraqs-tigris-raise-fear-of-water-crisis<\/a><\/h6>\n
6\u00a0<\/sup>Basra is Thirsty: Iraq\u2019s Failure to Manage the Water Crisis,\u201d Human Rights Watch, July 22, 2019, https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2019\/07\/22\/basra-thirsty\/iraqs-failure-manage-water-crisis<\/a><\/h6>\n
7\u00a0<\/sup>Guillaume Perrier and Daham Alasaad, \u201cTurkey\u2019s Euphrates Hegemony Leaves Syria\u2019s Raqqa Residents Hungry and in the Dark,\u201d The National, May 27, 2021, https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/mena\/turkey-s-euphrates-stranglehold-leaves-syria-s-raqqa-residents-hungry-and-in-the-dark-1.1230342#8<\/a><\/h6>\n
8\u00a0<\/sup>\u201c7 million Iraqis at risk of losing access to water in coming years: Ministry\u201d, Kurdistan 24, March 31, 2022, https:\/\/www.kurdistan24.net\/en\/story\/27805-7-million-Iraqis-at-risk-of-losing-access-to-water-in-coming-years:-Ministry<\/a><\/h6>\n
9\u00a0<\/sup>Sarah Glynn, \u201cTurkey is Reportedly Depriving Hundreds of Thousands of People of Water,\u201d Open Democracy, June 14, 2021, https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/north-africa-west-asia\/turkey-reportedly-depriving-hundreds-thousands-people-water\/<\/a><\/h6>\n
10\u00a0<\/sup>IRIN News, \u201cDisappearing Lake a Blow to Livelihoods,\u201d The New Humanitarian, June 18, 2008, https:\/\/www.thenewhumanitarian.org\/news\/2008\/06\/18\/disappearing-lake-blow-livelihoods<\/a><\/h6>\n
11\u00a0<\/sup>Banafsheh Keynoush, Water Scarcity Could Lead to the Next Major Conflict between Iran and Iraq, MEI Publication, (Washington, DC: Middle East Institute, 2021), https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/water-scarcity-could-lead-next-major-conflict-between-iran-and-iraq<\/a><\/h6>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647.12<\/sup><\/h6>\n
13\u00a0<\/sup>Kira Walker, \u201cDam Building Projects Could Fuel Water Stress in Middle East,\u201d Deutsche Welle, October 18, 2020, https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/dam-building-projects-could-fuel-water-stress-in-middle-east\/a-55169989<\/a><\/h6>\n
\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0641\u064a 8 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 14\u00a0<\/sup>2021<\/h6>\n
15\u00a0<\/sup>Peter Schwartzstein, \u201cClimate Change and Water Woes Drove ISIS Recruiting in Iraq,\u201d National\u00a0<\/span>Geographic15<\/sup>, November 14, 2017, https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/climate-change-drought-drove-isis-terrorist-recruiting-iraq<\/a>
\n\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0641\u064a 8 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631<\/h6>\n
16\u00a0<\/sup>2021<\/h6>\n
17\u00a0<\/sup>International Organization of Migration, IOM, Netherlands\u2019 Deltares Issue Report, Webtool in Face of Iraq\u2019s Looming Water Crisis, (Geneva, Switzerland: IOM UN Migration, 2020), https:\/\/www.iom.int\/news\/iom-netherlands-deltares-issue-report-webtool-face-iraqs-looming-water-crisis<\/h6>\n
18\u00a0<\/sup>Agencies, \u201cIraq Decides to Reduce 50% of the Area Planned for Cultivation in the Winter Season Plan,\u201d Al-Maydeen, October 18, 2021, https:\/\/english.almayadeen.net\/news\/environment\/iraq-decides-to-reduce-of-the-area-planned-for-cultivation-i<\/h6>\n
19\u00a0<\/sup>Dilan Sirwan, \u201cPresident Salih Calls for International Cooperation to Tackle Iraq\u2019s Climate Change Threats,\u201d Rudaw, November 3, 2021, https:\/\/www.rudaw.net\/english\/middleeast\/iraq\/031120212<\/h6>\n
20\u00a0<\/sup>Mustafa Saadoun, \u201cTribal Disputes Flare in Southern Iraq Over Water Scarcity,\u201d Al-Monitor, February 14, 2018, https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2018\/02\/water-security-iraq-tribal-conflicts.html#ixzz7LlCnzHLV; Iraq\u2019s Water Crisis: An Existential But Unheeded Threat, Arab Gulf States Institute, https:\/\/agsiw.org\/iraqs-water-crisis-an-existential-but-unheeded-threat\/ 27 August 2021<\/h6>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064721<\/sup><\/h6>\n
22\u00a0<\/sup>Arwa Ibrahim, \u201cDeclining Levels in Iraq\u2019s Tigris Raise Fear of Water Crisis,\u201d Aljazeera English, June 9, 2018, https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/6\/9\/declining-levels-in-iraqs-tigris-raise-fear-of-water-crisis<\/h6>\n
\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0641\u064a 8 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021 23<\/sup><\/h6>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647.24<\/sup><\/h6>\n
25\u00a0<\/sup>MEE and Agencies, \u201cIS, Shia Militia Claim Attack on Turkish Troops in Iraqi Camp,\u201d Middle East\u00a0Eye<\/em>, December 17, 2015, https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/fr\/news\/shia-militia-claim-attack-turkish-troops-iraqi-camp-1025482601; Jacob Lees Weiss, Iranian-Backed Iraqi Militias Deter Turkish Intervention in Sinjar, Terrorism Monitor 19, no. 14, (Washington, DC: The Jamestown Foundation, 2021), https:\/\/jamestown.org\/program\/iranian-backed-iraqi-militias-deter-turkish-intervention-in-sinjar\/<\/a><\/h6>\n
26\u00a0<\/sup>Layal Shakir, \u201cIran Attacks Kurdish Groups in Iraq Using Warplanes, Suicide Drones: Official,\u201d Rudaw, September 9, 2021, https:\/\/www.rudaw.net\/english\/kurdistan\/09092021<\/a><\/h6>\n
27\u00a0<\/sup>Peter Harling, \u201cNature\u2019s Insurgency: Water Wanted in the Land of Plenty,\u201d Synaps, August 5, 2019, https:\/\/www.synaps.network\/post\/climate-change-water-food-insecurity-iraq<\/a><\/h6>\n
28\u00a0<\/sup>Barham Salih, \u201cOn World Environment Day: Reviving Mesopotamia for the Sake of the Region,\u201d Asharq Al-Awsat, June 5, 2021, https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/home\/article\/3010646\/dr-barham-salih\/world-environment-day-reviving-mesopotamia-sake-region<\/a><\/h6>\n
29\u00a0<\/sup>Minister: Iraq Resorts to UN to Secure Water Rights from Iran, Middle East Monitor, July 13, 2021, https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20210713-minister-iraq-resorts-to-un-to-secure-water-rights-from-iran\/<\/a><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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